Reconstruction was the time period following the Civil War, the period during which the united states began to rebuild after the war.The purpose of Reconstruction was to re-unite the north and the south politically. The second purpose was to rebuild the south physically and economically. The third purpose was to build a southern society of radical understanding and equality. The reconstruction failed to re-unite the north and the south politically. The process became complicated due to the fact that Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, the members of congress, and the radicals Republican all had different ideas about how Reconstruction should be handled. They all basically agreed to disagree. Lincoln created the Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan, Radicals passed the Wade-Davis Bill, Johnson had a plan for reconstruction which was the Presidential Reconstruction. I would support the radicals plan because they wanted the best towards the slaves and wanted better for the reconstruction and Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the south and the north and when Johnson claimed that reconstruction was complete, many believed that the southern states didn't really change as much as it was before.
Lincoln wanted an agreeable Reconstruction Plan. In 1863 he clarified his proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction which was known as the Ten percent plan. The government would discharge all of the Confederates excluding high-ranking Confederate officials and those accused of crimes against prisoners of war, who would promise to the union to obey its laws. When the ten percent of those on the voting lists took declaration of allegiance, a confederate state could form a new state government and send representatives and senators to Congress. Lincoln's perspective was that the confederate states never left the union because secession was constitutionally unachievable. Lincoln looked forward to his ten percent plan to make the south return quick and easy. Lincoln had hope for a reunited nation. Nevertheless Lincoln's moderate and reconstruction plan angered a minority of republicans in congress, which were the radicals republicans.
The Radicals had supported abolition and the war, and they proposed laws to guarantee African-American Right. The radicals wanted to destroy the political power of former slave holders. They wanted African-Americans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote. But the radicals responded to the Ten-Percent Plan by passing the Wade-Davis Bill. This was proposed to have the congress held responsible for reconstruction and that a majority of the state government and just ten percent of those who are eligible to vote in 1860. They would have to take and oath to support the constitution. Lincoln refused to let that bill pass, so therefore he used a pocket veto to exterminate the bill after the congress adjourned. The radicals thought that was a absurd thing to do. The radicals wanted Lincoln to restrain himself and to leave the reconstruction to the Congress. But it was time for a presidential congressional confrontation on the issue of reconstruction. Even though Lincoln did not live to succeed in his plan, it was left to Andrew Johnson to handle the Reconstruction dispute.
Andrew Johnson had continued Lincoln policies. Johnson announced his own plan to reconstruct the seven remaining Confederate states. This plan was called the Presidential Reconstruction. He clarified that most of the southern states could be readmitted to the union if they could meet few of the conditions. Each state would have to declare its secession illegal, swear allegiance to the union and to approve abolish slavery. There was a difference between Johnson's and Lincoln's plan because Johnson tried to exclude high-ranking Confederates and wealthy landowners from taking an oath that was needed to approve voting. Radicals were upset at the fact Johnson's plan failed to address the needs of former slaves by the land, voting rights, and the protection under law. They relieved most of the whites in the south. He thought that the white man could handle the south so there was no need to approve voting for former slaves. Most of the former confederate states quickly agreed to his terms but some of the southern states did not give in with the conditions for returning to the union.
Moderate Republicans came together with the radicals to dominate the president's vetoes of the civil Rights. They were angered by Johnson's actions. They wanted to to change the reconstruction process. Congress had accepted the 14Th amendment which gave a constitutional plan for the civil rights act. Since all persons born or naturalized in the united states citizens of the country were all entitled to equal protection of the law. Johnson thought that the amendment was to harsh on the Confederate leaders and it was unacceptable to force states to accept it since their legislators were not included in the making of the process. He persuaded the southern states to reject and they did reject it all but one, so the amendment was ratified. When it was time for elections Johnson would have voters to elect representatives who agreed to the proposition of his reconstruction policy. Many voters were offended with his harsh language and unacceptable behavior. The Radicals and moderates won and congress was prepared to move along with its reconstruction policy. The radicals and moderates had joined the passing of the reconstruction act.
Radicals tried to get rid of Johnson because he was not carrying out his duties to accomplish the reconstruction act. Johnson was trying to hold up Reconstruction, they looked for whatever that was at their advantage to impeach him. But i strongly support the radicals because they were unquestionably positive about what they wanted to achieve in the Reconstruction act. Even though Johnson was an obstacle for them to go along with the reconstruction they still succeed it. Johnson wanted everything to basically stay the same. Radicals wanted a change and i support them for the decision that they made.
Saturday, December 15, 2007
Saturday, November 17, 2007
Ideologies That Supported Territorial Expansion
Territorial expansions was an objective of the U.S government proven by the removal of Native Americans and by the Mexican American War. America's foreign policy was based of the War Hawks in the 1700's. The nationalism from the War Hawks was expanded by America's accomplishment of the War of 1812 which cause nationalism to spread. Nationalism played a role in the formulation and application of U.S.foreign policy in the early nineteenth century to the extent of treaties and the expansion of land.Various groups and Ideas supported territorial expansion for economic, political, and cultural reasons. The expansion plans that were influenced was the Mexican-American War, War of 1812, and The Monroe Doctrine.
The interest of Territorial expansion and the quest for empire cut across many segments of the American population. The Louisiana Territory of 1803 and the War of 1812 both are a reflection of territorial expansion. The War Hawks wanted to seize land from the Native Americans in the west, and drive the British from Canada.They kept in mind that the war with Britain would damage their commercial Interest. Moving the Native Americans farther West would have gave more land expansion and the land could be used by more whites. President Monroe issued a foreign policy statement that became the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine was taken as a defensive strategic policy. It was a policy that helped nationalize the formulation of of U.S. foreign policies. Monroe advised the Europeans from colonizing the western parts. It was mostly like a compromise because Europe should stay out of the western hemisphere and the united states should stay out of Europe. In order for the U.S to have control over the western hemisphere, it would have to prevent European nations from dominating.
The Webster Ashburton Treaty of 1842, the united states and Britain had settled the boundary dispute between Maine and Canada and also agreed to abolish the slave trade. They began arguing again over the Oregon territory's northern border. Soon the Americans offended the 49Th parallel as the dividing line which was rejected by the British. Britain was in no mood for another war with the united states. In the Oregon settle the uproar peacefully by extending the Oregon Territory and the Canadian Border along the 49Th parallel. In the Mexican-American War the United States formally annexed Texas in 1845. Polk was not satisfied with acquiring this enormous territory. Polk wanted to acquire the California and New Mexico region also. After the failure to attempt to purchase the territory from Mexico. Polk took it to an aggressive extent.
In the perspective of many Americans thought that area belonged to the Mexicans.Then the United States declared war on Mexico. Rumor has it, the Mexican Troops had crossed the border to attack Americans. Even thought the Americans had a poorly trained troop, the U.S. forces had taken control of the whole entire southwest by 1847. More achievement followed before the Americans had their final attack on Mexico City. Then later, Americans had captured the Mexican Capital. The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848 included that Mexico recognized the Americans claims to the area north of the Rio Grande. Mexico resigned California and New Mexico to the United States in return for $15 million dollars. Also the United States agreed to assume $3 million in debts. Again Polk was not satisfied. Polk believed the United States should have received even more territory from the Mexicans.
Americans were proud with the new territory and the awareness that they had gained. The War of 1812 was a cohesive fight than predicted. They negotiators signed the Treaty of Ghent to officially end the war. The treaty returned the U.S and Britain's relations to the same status as they had been before the war. The U.S. neither gained or lost any territory. Then the Battle of New Orleans came into place even though it was irrelevant, the U.S. celebrated, manifesting an inflation in American nationalism. Although the war had sheltered New England manufacturing from British encounter even though New England merchant shipping had been seriously distressed.
These were the many things that helped the nationalism of the U.S. foreign affair policies. The Mexican-American War, helped expand the U.S. territory while also ruining its relations with Mexico even farther.The policies also made it so Britain stayed out of America and that America stayed out of Britain. The policies also gave U.S. Its great sense of pride. Also, The territorial treaties and policies were a big major help to receiving territorial expansion.
The interest of Territorial expansion and the quest for empire cut across many segments of the American population. The Louisiana Territory of 1803 and the War of 1812 both are a reflection of territorial expansion. The War Hawks wanted to seize land from the Native Americans in the west, and drive the British from Canada.They kept in mind that the war with Britain would damage their commercial Interest. Moving the Native Americans farther West would have gave more land expansion and the land could be used by more whites. President Monroe issued a foreign policy statement that became the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine was taken as a defensive strategic policy. It was a policy that helped nationalize the formulation of of U.S. foreign policies. Monroe advised the Europeans from colonizing the western parts. It was mostly like a compromise because Europe should stay out of the western hemisphere and the united states should stay out of Europe. In order for the U.S to have control over the western hemisphere, it would have to prevent European nations from dominating.
The Webster Ashburton Treaty of 1842, the united states and Britain had settled the boundary dispute between Maine and Canada and also agreed to abolish the slave trade. They began arguing again over the Oregon territory's northern border. Soon the Americans offended the 49Th parallel as the dividing line which was rejected by the British. Britain was in no mood for another war with the united states. In the Oregon settle the uproar peacefully by extending the Oregon Territory and the Canadian Border along the 49Th parallel. In the Mexican-American War the United States formally annexed Texas in 1845. Polk was not satisfied with acquiring this enormous territory. Polk wanted to acquire the California and New Mexico region also. After the failure to attempt to purchase the territory from Mexico. Polk took it to an aggressive extent.
In the perspective of many Americans thought that area belonged to the Mexicans.Then the United States declared war on Mexico. Rumor has it, the Mexican Troops had crossed the border to attack Americans. Even thought the Americans had a poorly trained troop, the U.S. forces had taken control of the whole entire southwest by 1847. More achievement followed before the Americans had their final attack on Mexico City. Then later, Americans had captured the Mexican Capital. The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848 included that Mexico recognized the Americans claims to the area north of the Rio Grande. Mexico resigned California and New Mexico to the United States in return for $15 million dollars. Also the United States agreed to assume $3 million in debts. Again Polk was not satisfied. Polk believed the United States should have received even more territory from the Mexicans.
Americans were proud with the new territory and the awareness that they had gained. The War of 1812 was a cohesive fight than predicted. They negotiators signed the Treaty of Ghent to officially end the war. The treaty returned the U.S and Britain's relations to the same status as they had been before the war. The U.S. neither gained or lost any territory. Then the Battle of New Orleans came into place even though it was irrelevant, the U.S. celebrated, manifesting an inflation in American nationalism. Although the war had sheltered New England manufacturing from British encounter even though New England merchant shipping had been seriously distressed.
These were the many things that helped the nationalism of the U.S. foreign affair policies. The Mexican-American War, helped expand the U.S. territory while also ruining its relations with Mexico even farther.The policies also made it so Britain stayed out of America and that America stayed out of Britain. The policies also gave U.S. Its great sense of pride. Also, The territorial treaties and policies were a big major help to receiving territorial expansion.
Sunday, September 23, 2007
Continental Congress
The First and Second Continental Congress were shaped by the debates between the Radicals, Moderates , and the Conservatives.The Continental Congress was started by the representatives that had formed a meeting about the Intolerable Acts. The future response of these representatives at the meeting were later known at the Continental Congress, then later formed into a series of radical resolutions. They had different point of views with the relationship of Great Britain, The French and Indian War, and the Intolerable Acts .Then the delegates were separated in to three groups which were the Radicals, Moderates, and the Conservatives. Even though there were three factions in both of the Continental Congresses they both had different opinions. The three factions were independent in their own response.
The most persuasive and effective faction in achieving its goals were the radicals. The radicals had already felt that there was no turning back in the relationship against them and Britain. The radicals only had two alternatives for the Britains which was to force Britain to accede to their demands or declare independence. The radicals want to be independent, stand on their own, without Britain, and make their own laws. They wanted what was best for them and not Britain because Britain is not use of the idea of running colonies. Britains were use of the British monarch. The radicals were very persuasive because they were very impatient and would take action immediately. Britain tried to rule over the colonies the way that they had wanted so they can become wealthy and take over by using mercantilism.
The moderates thought the relationship between them and Britain could be easily fixed. The conservative had thought that were not ready to take action or be persuasive. They still had the state of mind of disapproval against the British and was not ready to take the situation on a serious term. The intolerable Acts were rejected. At this time the radicals and the colonies united as one and took matters into there own hand with the British. The radicals were the one who wanted to get what they wanted, which was to be independent. They had put the Britains in a either/or situation. The radicals wanted what was best for their people.
Moderates and Conservatives didn't really want to do much for themselves. Radicals created a voice and did not wait for time to just come and take over. Radicals had the outcome of becoming independent. The outcome of this became real hard on the Britains. The radicals people didn't like the Britians so much to take over because the Britains just wanted to receive profits off the colonies. They rather make their own rules than hear what the British has to say. The people were interested into this idea of change. The British had no choice, but to take the demands of the radicals or lose all.
The radicals were very good at using persuasive actions to get what they wanted. They did what they had to do to accomplish what needed to be done. Moderates and the conservatives were scared to lose the fight against them and the British and settle for what they had. They didn't have much, except for the relationships of the Britains. They didn't want conflict to start and neither did the radicals that's why they went through the task of persuading the Britains into their demands.
The most persuasive and effective faction in achieving its goals were the radicals. The radicals had already felt that there was no turning back in the relationship against them and Britain. The radicals only had two alternatives for the Britains which was to force Britain to accede to their demands or declare independence. The radicals want to be independent, stand on their own, without Britain, and make their own laws. They wanted what was best for them and not Britain because Britain is not use of the idea of running colonies. Britains were use of the British monarch. The radicals were very persuasive because they were very impatient and would take action immediately. Britain tried to rule over the colonies the way that they had wanted so they can become wealthy and take over by using mercantilism.
The moderates thought the relationship between them and Britain could be easily fixed. The conservative had thought that were not ready to take action or be persuasive. They still had the state of mind of disapproval against the British and was not ready to take the situation on a serious term. The intolerable Acts were rejected. At this time the radicals and the colonies united as one and took matters into there own hand with the British. The radicals were the one who wanted to get what they wanted, which was to be independent. They had put the Britains in a either/or situation. The radicals wanted what was best for their people.
Moderates and Conservatives didn't really want to do much for themselves. Radicals created a voice and did not wait for time to just come and take over. Radicals had the outcome of becoming independent. The outcome of this became real hard on the Britains. The radicals people didn't like the Britians so much to take over because the Britains just wanted to receive profits off the colonies. They rather make their own rules than hear what the British has to say. The people were interested into this idea of change. The British had no choice, but to take the demands of the radicals or lose all.
The radicals were very good at using persuasive actions to get what they wanted. They did what they had to do to accomplish what needed to be done. Moderates and the conservatives were scared to lose the fight against them and the British and settle for what they had. They didn't have much, except for the relationships of the Britains. They didn't want conflict to start and neither did the radicals that's why they went through the task of persuading the Britains into their demands.
Friday, September 14, 2007
The Explanation of How English Colonies in the New World were Different from one another in Terms of the Goverment, Population, and Religion.
English Colonies in the New World were based off on government, population, and religion. It was not just that that made the colonies different from each other. The main source of the colonies was the people that followed theirs own beliefs, leaving them to seek protection from danger, and finding a new place to call their home it allowed the colonies to grow as it did, from the population to the crops. They didn't want to listen to the church because it was against what they believed in. Not allowed to believe in your beliefs is like having no rights at all. Moving into the colonies increased population, because more people came. Religions combined together after being tolerated, which caused the population and religion to increase. Government had came and took its toll depending on the people, personal beliefs, and political beliefs. Then the colonies were started for their own specific reasons.
Many of the colonies were started for religious or economic reasons. The colonies during that time had a different perspective on religion and rights. The colonies that were started specifically for religion was Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Maryland, and New Haven. The Colonies were really strict when it came to religion. Many of the people in that time moved to the colonies because they hated being told of what to do by the church. Pennsylvania believed in the religion of Christianity. Quakers reside in this colony at the time.
Quakers believed that everyone was born in sin and that God was the only one who was perfect and that no other man was. Massachusetts was based off religion also and puritans were the settlers that remained there. The Puritan's religion was mainly about the bible and specifically what the bible says. Most of the puritans was punish for their own aspect on religion beliefs. Some of the inhabitants would leave for Plymouth. Those inhabitants were the pilgrims. They could not go south because of their beliefs. The pilgrims were seeking for a new life which is why they went to Plymouth. This did not conflicted with their beliefs at all. They met Native Americans and grew fond of their company. That moment was when the Native Americans helped with crops such as potatoes, rice and tobacco. Tobacco was really a prosperous crop at this time.
Maryland was another colony for economic reasons. A majority of Catholics lived in Maryland. Protestants came and took over the colony for the economic resources. Maryland was becoming wealthy for the tobacco crop . Christianity was allowed in Maryland just to keep protestants from over-populating catholics. Also, New Haven was founded for religious beliefs because protestants left Massachusetts because of the religion being too strict to be followed. Both North and South Carolina were started for economic reasons. They became very wealthy from the tobacco crops. The more slaves they had the more slave labor would have been done. Slave labor has made a remarkable amount of money since slaves were not that expensive at the time.
British King who founded a certain amount of people at a random extent gave them permission to colonizing land to make it prosperous. This was called Proprietary Colonies which were grants from the monarch where individuals were awarded huge amount of land. They would supervise and govern usually for favors in return. That is how the states were created. Which was how the south had its own penal colony. The penal colony had prisons which was probably used for indentured servitude. More land was another good way of making money besides crops and slaves. Government was another important issue of English Colonies in the New World. It is true that some colonies were democratic than others. There was three different type of British Colonies which were royal, proprietary, and self governing. Royal colonies were owned by kings. The royal colonies included Virginia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia.
There was also self- governing colonies such as Rhode Island, and Connecticut.The king would grant a charter to a company.It would set up its own government depending on the crown.The
colonies population was increasing because some colonies tolerated other religions along to their colony to increase the population of people. The government was also different because some of the colonies would sign an agreement. For example, Massachusetts began with the Mayflower Compact which was an agreement to set up a theocracy. New York and New Jersey had a autocracy. Maryland and New Haven was a bicameral government. So as discussed in this essay The New World were very much different from one another in terms of population, government, and religion. It became prosperous and the government from at that time till this day has been slowly changing. Also the amount of citizens are over-populating each and everyday.
Many of the colonies were started for religious or economic reasons. The colonies during that time had a different perspective on religion and rights. The colonies that were started specifically for religion was Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Maryland, and New Haven. The Colonies were really strict when it came to religion. Many of the people in that time moved to the colonies because they hated being told of what to do by the church. Pennsylvania believed in the religion of Christianity. Quakers reside in this colony at the time.
Quakers believed that everyone was born in sin and that God was the only one who was perfect and that no other man was. Massachusetts was based off religion also and puritans were the settlers that remained there. The Puritan's religion was mainly about the bible and specifically what the bible says. Most of the puritans was punish for their own aspect on religion beliefs. Some of the inhabitants would leave for Plymouth. Those inhabitants were the pilgrims. They could not go south because of their beliefs. The pilgrims were seeking for a new life which is why they went to Plymouth. This did not conflicted with their beliefs at all. They met Native Americans and grew fond of their company. That moment was when the Native Americans helped with crops such as potatoes, rice and tobacco. Tobacco was really a prosperous crop at this time.
Maryland was another colony for economic reasons. A majority of Catholics lived in Maryland. Protestants came and took over the colony for the economic resources. Maryland was becoming wealthy for the tobacco crop . Christianity was allowed in Maryland just to keep protestants from over-populating catholics. Also, New Haven was founded for religious beliefs because protestants left Massachusetts because of the religion being too strict to be followed. Both North and South Carolina were started for economic reasons. They became very wealthy from the tobacco crops. The more slaves they had the more slave labor would have been done. Slave labor has made a remarkable amount of money since slaves were not that expensive at the time.
British King who founded a certain amount of people at a random extent gave them permission to colonizing land to make it prosperous. This was called Proprietary Colonies which were grants from the monarch where individuals were awarded huge amount of land. They would supervise and govern usually for favors in return. That is how the states were created. Which was how the south had its own penal colony. The penal colony had prisons which was probably used for indentured servitude. More land was another good way of making money besides crops and slaves. Government was another important issue of English Colonies in the New World. It is true that some colonies were democratic than others. There was three different type of British Colonies which were royal, proprietary, and self governing. Royal colonies were owned by kings. The royal colonies included Virginia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia.
There was also self- governing colonies such as Rhode Island, and Connecticut.The king would grant a charter to a company.It would set up its own government depending on the crown.The
colonies population was increasing because some colonies tolerated other religions along to their colony to increase the population of people. The government was also different because some of the colonies would sign an agreement. For example, Massachusetts began with the Mayflower Compact which was an agreement to set up a theocracy. New York and New Jersey had a autocracy. Maryland and New Haven was a bicameral government. So as discussed in this essay The New World were very much different from one another in terms of population, government, and religion. It became prosperous and the government from at that time till this day has been slowly changing. Also the amount of citizens are over-populating each and everyday.
Sunday, September 9, 2007
John Adams by David McCullough
The U.S summer reading for me was John Adams by David McCullough. I didn't really read the whole book but the parts that i did read was very interesting. It was a biography about John Adams. It was very factual and educational. It was telling the story of John Adams to when he grew up into a man, the things he accomplish, the phases he went through such as when he started to have strange feelings towards women, and also the everydays thing he done like writing in his diary. He manage to get things done even in that time of sickness and the percentage of deaths was increasing.
John Adams accompolished alot in his life. He went to Harvard when he was just about 15 years old. That was the day he was considered a man.He worked hard and did very well in Harvard. The subjects that he favored was mathematics and science.He wanted to become a farmer just lke his father. His father wanted him to become a minister. John had the opportunity to do better and went off to study law and became a lawyer and a minister. He met and married Abigail Smith Adams and was a father of four childern. Everyone enjoyed his company for he was a good, hardworking man who always spoke the truth.
John was away from home most of the time in the book. Abigail and John would write letters to each other to inform one another about financial issues, politics, family, and even comfort. While Abigail is at home dealing with the death of her family, John would tell her to always be prepared for anything good or bad but to expect the unexpected. John and the goverment did all that they can do for the citizens in the town, to help fullfill their main concern.At that time it was a difficult moment with dealing all the sickness that was going around.
John Adams accompolished alot in his life. He went to Harvard when he was just about 15 years old. That was the day he was considered a man.He worked hard and did very well in Harvard. The subjects that he favored was mathematics and science.He wanted to become a farmer just lke his father. His father wanted him to become a minister. John had the opportunity to do better and went off to study law and became a lawyer and a minister. He met and married Abigail Smith Adams and was a father of four childern. Everyone enjoyed his company for he was a good, hardworking man who always spoke the truth.
John was away from home most of the time in the book. Abigail and John would write letters to each other to inform one another about financial issues, politics, family, and even comfort. While Abigail is at home dealing with the death of her family, John would tell her to always be prepared for anything good or bad but to expect the unexpected. John and the goverment did all that they can do for the citizens in the town, to help fullfill their main concern.At that time it was a difficult moment with dealing all the sickness that was going around.
Wednesday, September 5, 2007
Why did i choose to take an a.p class?
I wanted to do better this year than my previous years in highschool. I wanted to be different my junior year and not settle for anything less. I had the opportunity and the ability to take an a.p. class which was u.s history. I look forward to this year of becoming an a.p student. I have a fair relaltionship with history, i cant say that im good or bad student in this subject. Im am able to study and do all that i can to pass this class. In my perspective this class is a challenge that im looking forward to overcome. I have no distractions this year and especially in this class to stop me from passing. I also think that this will look very well on my college application. If i pass this class it will also bring up my g.p.a and thats very important this year. I think i derserved to be in this class because i did my best the previous year although i could of done better. Im happy that i became an a.p. student because i know that i didnt settle for less.
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